黃薇靜-中文報告
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Cell Death Mediated by the Proteasome
Egger, L. et al. Cell Death Differ., advance online publication, 30 March 2007
Student: Wei-Ching Huang (黃薇靜) Time: 13:10-14:00, May 9, 2007
Commentator: Dr. Robert Anderson Place: Room 601
中文摘要
內質網 (endoplasmic reticulum, ER) 是蛋白質合成與修飾的地方,在細胞中扮演管控蛋白質正確折疊的角色,當受到一些胞外或胞內的刺激,會造成未折疊的蛋白質開始堆積在內質網,而導致內質網壓力 (ER stress),因而引發一連串稱為unfolded protein response (UPR)1的反應來維持細胞內的衡定,UPR其中一個結果是ER-associated degradation (ERAD)2,沒有折疊好的蛋白質會送到proteasome進行degradation,一旦UPR及ERAD無法恢復衡定,細胞就會走向ER stress-induced programmed cell death。在本篇文獻3的研究中,作者們指出proteasome的活性在內質網壓力引起的凋亡路徑中是不可或缺的。作者用了三種可以引發ER stress的藥物來刺激細胞走向死亡:brefeldin A (BFA)、 tunicamycin及thapsigargin,分別與低濃度的cycloheximide共同給予,先前的研究中,作者已經發現這樣的刺激之下,細胞死亡並不能被broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors- Z-VAD.fmk所抑制,所以作者提出了一個caspase-independent mechanism可能參與在這樣的死亡模式中,二種proteasome inhibitors-lactacystin及Pefabloc (AEBSF) 被用來闡述proteasome在內質網壓力引起之細胞死亡中的角色,並利用一個突變的細胞株 (harboring a temperature-sensitive E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme) 來進一步證明proteasome在內質網壓力引起之細胞死亡中是必要的。有趣的是,透過proteasome的抑制可以去阻止ER stress-induced anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins degradation,而且可以使細胞免於隨著粒線體破壞而導致的cytochrome c release、caspasematuration、 phosphatidylserine exposure以及細胞死亡。根據這些結果,作者們發現在這樣的系統之下,proteasome在ER stress-induced cell death中是一個很重要的調控者,因而也提供了proteasome分別在ER stress-induced ERAD及cell death中扮演的雙重角色。
參考文獻
1. Bernales, S. et al. Intracellular signaling by the unfolded protein response. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 22, 487-508 (2006)
2. Romisch, K. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 21, 435-456 (2005)
3. Egger, L. et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death mediated by the proteasome. Cell Death Differ. advance online publication, 30 March (2007)